I don't know where to put this, so I'll put this question here! I'm really new at making websites from scratch so I would like to know which "thing/language" is used best to code website layouts (CSS, html, PHP, and others?)

I'd appreciate the help! Thanks!

yes.
all you list are used to create a good site.
html, css, php, and so forth.

kinda depends on what stuff you want on your site to determin what language to use towards each feature. html and css do most of the normal webpage stuff. php or other serverside languages are used to create interactive type things.